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Chapter 4
Chemical Reactions
 
 
 
Movie
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 Movie
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 The reaction between Al and Br2 to form AlBr3 is demonstrated.
Notes
 Demonstration: Formation of Aluminum Bromide (**) When Al is placed on the surface of Br2 an exothermic reaction occurs. The Al is oxidized to Al3+ by the Br2, which is reduced to Br- ions. The ionic product, AlBr3, can be observed on the watch glass after the reaction.
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Title
 Movie
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 A solution of CuSO4 is prepared starting with solid CuSO4.
Notes
 Animation: Formation of a Solution from a Solid (**) A calculated amount of solid CuSO4 is weighed out and added to a volumetric flask. Some water is added and the flask is shaken to dissolve the solid. Once the CuSO4 has dissolved, enough water is added to make the volume exactly 250. mL. It should be pointed out that the volume of the solution may change as the CuSO4 dissolves so it must be completely dissolved before filling the volumetric flask to the mark.
Movie
Title
 Movie
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 Preparation of a dilute CuSO4 solution from a concentrated solution of CuSO4 is illustrated.
Notes
 Animation: Formation of a Solution by Dilution (**) A dilute solution of known concentration can be prepared from a more concentrated solution of known concentration. The volume of the concentrated solution required can be calculated using the equation Mi X Vi = Mf X Vf. The volume of the concentrated solution is measured with a pipet and transferred to a volumetric flask. Water is added, the solution is mixed, and more water is added to give the required volume.
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 Movie
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 The reaction between zinc metal and HCl is used to illustrate the concept of limiting reactants.
Notes
 Animation: Limiting Reagent (**) The reaction between Zn and HCl to form ZnCl2 and H2 gas is used to illustrate limiting reactants. The amount of H2 gas produced depends on the concentration of the limiting reactant, which can be either Zn or HCl.This animation also illustrates the stoichiometry of a reaction involving a gas.
4.2.1UN
Title
 04.02.01
Caption
 space filling model equation of NO and O2 (graphic 4-1)
Notes
  
4.2.4UN
Title
 04.02.04
Caption
 space filling model of graphic 4-4
Notes
  
4.4
Title
 04.04
Caption
 The reaction of 2 Al(s) + 6 HCl(aq)
Notes
  
4.7
Title
 04.07
Caption
 Visualizing the dilution of a solution. The final solution is prepared by extracting 1/8th of the initial solution-1 cm3-and diluting it with water to a volume of 8 cm3. The number of dots in the 8 cm3 of final solution, representing the number of solute particles, is the same as in the 1 cm3 of initial solution.
Notes
  
4.9
Title
 4.09
Caption
 An analogy to determining the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction-assembling a handout experiment. From the numbers of copies available of each of the parts, we conclude that only 82 complete handouts are possible and that the graph paper is the limiting reactant.
Notes
  
4.9UN
Title
 04.10.09
Caption
 graphic A for exercise 99
Notes
  
4.10.10UN
Title
 04.10.10
Caption
 graphic B for exercise 99
Notes
  
4.10.12LUN
Title
 p 878-1
Caption
  
Notes
 The mineral trona, from Green River, Wyoming (also Fig. 04.10.12.L.UN)
4.10.12UN
Title
 04.10.12
Caption
 Photos of trona and baking soda
Notes
  
Table 4.1
Title
 Table 4.1
Caption
  
Notes